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Store:
Rua de Barreiros, 74,
4715-166 Nogueira,
Braga, Portugal

Warehouse:
Rua do Monte de S. Bento, lote 11 e 12,
4705-700 Fradelos,
Braga, Portugal

E-mail:
info@euromipe.com

Phone:

+351 253 257 148 (Seg-Sex: 9h00-19h00) (Chamada para a rede fixa nacional)

Chlorhexidine

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In this category you will find a selection of products that contain Chlorhexidine as one of their main raw materials.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action:

Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant derived from bisbiguanide, it has bactericidal and bacteriostatic action against a wide spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. It is more effective against gram positive than gram negative bacteria, and has little effect on some Pseudomonas and Proteus species. It is practically ineffective against mycobacteria. Chlorhexidine inhibits some viruses and has activity against some fungi. It has no action against bacterial spores at room temperature.

Adverse effects:

Topical use of chlorhexidine can occasionally lead to skin sensitivity. Cases of severe hypersensitivity, such as anaphylactic shock, are rare. In high concentrations, the solutions can cause irritation of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes. The use of toothpaste and mouthwash containing chlorhexidine can lead to reversible discoloration of the tongue, teeth and silicate or replacement of dental composition. Burning sensation on the tongue and transient taste disturbances may occur at the beginning of treatment. In case of desquamation of the oral cavity, dilute 50% of the mouthwash with water. The main effect of chlorhexidine ingestion is mucosal irritation. Its systemic toxicity is rare because its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is minimal. Gastric lavage with demulcents is recommended in case of acute intoxication.

Contraindications / Precautions:

Use in the middle ear and other sensitive tissues and organs is not recommended. Contact with eyes should be avoided, except in formulations suitable for this purpose. Chlorhexidine can be absorbed by some types of soft contact lenses and cause eye irritation, although the lens can be replaced with another.

Scientific References

Chlorhexidine is a chemical that was introduced many years ago as a broad-spectrum antiseptic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is a biguandin with cationic properties. Chemically, it is classified as Chlorhexidine Digluconate, it is a stable molecule that, when ingested, is excreted through normal routes, and the small percentage retained in the body is not toxic. When in low concentrations, it causes leaching of substances of small molecular weight, such as potassium and phosphorus, exerting a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect at high concentrations. It acts on bacteria by disrupting the integrity of their cytoplasmic membranes resulting in the loss of vital cellular constituents such as nucleic acid and potassium. Thus, although chlorhexidine kills vegetative forms of bacteria, it does not demonstrate effectiveness against spores, except at elevated temperatures.

Chlorhexidine can be formulated in lotions, rinses, and creams for disinfecting and cleaning the skin and mucous membranes, in oral gels, sprays and mouthwash. It can be used as a skin disinfectant for operative procedures. At low concentrations (0.01%) it can be used in ophthalmic solutions, and at even lower concentrations (0.002 to 0.006%) it can be used in solutions to disinfect contact lenses. Thus, chlorhexidine has a wide dose range for topical use, but the pharmacist and doctor must pay attention to the purpose to have the safest concentration.

Pharmacotechnics

pH Stability (final product): Between 5.5 to 7.0
Solubility: Miscible in water, in 96.0% ethyl alcohol (not more than 5 parts), in acetone (not more than 3 parts)
Excipient / Suggested Vehicle / Capsule Type: Use non-ionic vehicle, such as non-ionic gel or non-ionic emulsion. Cationic shampoo.

Incompatibilities:

Silver nitrate, chloramphenicol, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium sulfamides, penicillins, anionic surfactants, chloride ions, phosphate and sulfate.
Anionic substances, anionic surface-active soaps and suspending agents, such as alginates and gum tragacanth, borates, bicarbonates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, nitrates, phosphates and sulfates, forming poorly soluble salts. Not very stable in glass containers and at pH below 5.0 and above 7.0.
High concentrations of electrolytes, acacia, CMC, copper starch sulfate, brilliant green, chloramphenicol, sodium fluorescein, formalin, silver nitrate and zinc sulfate.
Anionic cream, anionic gel, anionic lotion. Partially inactivated by lecithin and Tween 80.

Preservation / Storage of the pharmaceutical ingredient defined by the manufacturer:

Room temperature.

Conservation / Storage of the final product defined by the pharmacist RT of the pharmacy:

According to the criteria of conservation of the input defined by the manufacturer, we suggest keeping the final product at room temperature, but it is also necessary to evaluate pharmaceuticals according to the formulation, preservative system and product conditions.

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine

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